How much HP does Chaos Sorcerer Lord of Nurgle (Death) have?

Chaos Sorcerer Lord of Nurgle (Death) has 4,188 HP at Ultra unit size (patch 9.0.4).

How much does Chaos Sorcerer Lord of Nurgle (Death) cost?

Chaos Sorcerer Lord of Nurgle (Death) costs 1,000 in the campaign and 800 in multiplayer.

What is the unit key for Chaos Sorcerer Lord of Nurgle (Death)?

The unit key is wh3_dlc20_chs_cha_chaos_sorcerer_lord_death_mnur; other versions: wh3_dlc20_chs_cha_chaos_sorcerer_lord_death_mnur_warshrine, wh3_dlc20_chs_cha_chaos_sorcerer_lord_death_mnur_chaos_steed, wh3_dlc25_chs_cha_chaos_sorcerer_lord_death_mnur_rot_beast.

What are Chaos Sorcerer Lord of Nurgle (Death)'s stats?

4,188 HP, armour 80, melee attack 43, melee defence 49, weapon strength 360. Patch 9.0.4, from the game's data tables.

Chaos Sorcerer Lord of Nurgle (Death)

Lord· Wizard Lord· 1 model at Ultra size

Comes with Champions of Chaos(Warhammer III)

Skill tree →Duel it in the combat calculator →vs Chaos Warriors, the unit the rankings measure against; pick any other there.

Chaos Sorcerer Lord of Nurgle (Death) is Warriors of Chaos and Nurgle lord: 4,188 HP, armour 80, melee attack 43, melee defence 49, weapon strength 360. It costs 1,000 in the campaign and 800 in multiplayer. It comes with Champions of Chaos. Unit key wh3_dlc20_chs_cha_chaos_sorcerer_lord_death_mnur. Patch 9.0.4, from the game's data tables.

Health

4,188

bottom 18% of class

Armour

top 49% of class

Leadership

bottom 10% of class

Speed

bottom 6% of class

Melee attack

bottom 36% of class

Melee defence

top 32% of class

Weapon strength

240 base + 120 armour-piercing

360

bottom 25% of class

Charge bonus

bottom 9% of class

Attributes

Encourage
This unit provides a leadership bonus to nearby allies. Units within range of both the Lord's aura and an encouraging unit will receive the larger of the two bonuses.
Hide (forest)
This unit can hide in forests until enemy units get too close.
Mark of Nurgle
A unit with the Mark of Nurgle has: Poison Contact Effect Increased Hit Points Increased Melee Defence Reduced Melee Attack

Abilities

Paragon of DecayHex (Area) · -5% Armour-Piercing Weapon Damage, -5% Base Weapon Damagepassive
Cloud of FliesAugment · +9 Melee Defencepassive
WoundsHex · -10% Speed, -20% Armour-Piercing Weapon Damage…passive
Arcane ConduitAugment of the Windspassive
EvasionAugment · +10% Speed, +5 Melee Defencepassive

Lore of magic

Lore of Death6 spells

Counters

Vulnerable to

Bonus vs infantry — infantry-sizede.g. Doom-Flayers, War Mammoth, Feral Mammoth · Warriors of Chaos: Gorebeast Chariots, Chaos Chariots of Khorne

Computed from base unit-card values (no skills, items or abilities), one rule per line; examples are units with the most of that trait. How counters are worked out · Try it in the combat calculator

Chaos Sorcerer Lord of Nurgle (Death) skill tree

52 skills, line by line as the game lays them out. Hover a skill for the rank it unlocks at and its effects at each level.

Plan Chaos Sorcerer Lord of Nurgle (Death)'s skills

Chaos Steed
Chaos SteedUnlocks at rank 4
- Mount: Chaos Steed
The dread steeds of Chaos are more than mere horses, but creatures tainted by Daemon blood, said to be gifts from the Dark Gods themselves.
Chaos Warshrine
Chaos WarshrineUnlocks at rank 14
- Mount: Warshrine
A vast, mobile altar allows the souls of the slain to be ritualistically condemned directly from the field of slaughter.
Rot Beast
Rot BeastUnlocks at rank 16
- Mount: Rot Beast
This vile, mutilated steed bears its rider into the very thick of battle, where any wounds scored upon its cancerous flesh are sealed by the pus weeping from its foetid body.
Lord of Pestilence
Lord of Pestilence3 levels
Level 1
- Nurgle Authority: +2 (Lord's army)
- Tzeentch Authority: -2 (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Nurgle Authority: +3 (Lord's army)
- Tzeentch Authority: -2 (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Nurgle Authority: +4 (Lord's army)
- Tzeentch Authority: -4 (Lord's army)
Create a nightmare of decay, and let the Plague Lord feast on the suffering and sickness that follows.
Infernal Champion
Infernal ChampionUnlocks at rank 15
- Weapon strength: +10%
The Warriors of Chaos are the playthings of Gods and given many gifts, including formidable fighting skills.
Hearts of Iron
Hearts of Iron
- Vigour loss reduction: -15% (Lord's army)
The followers of Chaos need not to rest, they march on with iron hearts desperate to harvest souls.
Voice of the Dark Gods
Voice of the Dark Gods
- Leadership aura size: +40%
This Lord speaks with a dread booming voice - a gift from his Dark Masters to ensure obedience.
Aura of Chaos
Aura of ChaosUnlocks at rank 8
- Missile resistance: 10%
The shadow of the Ruinous Powers looms large, protecting those who bear their mark.
Soldiers of Renown
Soldiers of RenownUnlocks at rank 10 · 3 levels
Level 1
- Regiments of Renown army capacity: +1 (own army)
Level 2
- Regiments of Renown army capacity: +2 (own army)
Level 3
- Regiments of Renown army capacity: +3 (own army)
Their renown shall further elevate the one under whose command they march.
Immortality
ImmortalityUnlocks at rank 20
- This Lord will be wounded instead of killed in battle
Who wants to live forever? As it turns out, most beings wouldn't say no…
Mentor
MentorUnlocks at rank 30 · 3 levels
Level 1
- Character experience gain: +20% (Heroes in Lord's army)
- Character will share +15% of experience earned between all other active Lords
Level 2
- Character experience gain: +35% (Heroes in Lord's army)
- Character will share +30% of experience earned between all other active Lords
Level 3
- Character experience gain: +50% (Heroes in Lord's army)
- Character will share +50% of experience earned between all other active Lords
Having learned much in their long years of service, this character now turns their attention to training others.

Corrupt Mage
Corrupt MageUnlocks at rank 10
- Miscast base chance: +15% for all enemy spellcasters (enemy armies in local province)
- Winds of Magic power reserve: +3 per turn (own army)
Magic and Chaos are eternally intertwined in a symbiotic storm of malevolent power.
Malefic Sorcerer
Malefic Sorcerer
- Armour: +10
- Melee attack: +5
- Melee defence: +7
Requires: Corrupt MageMagic need not only wreak havoc at range—half the fun of battle, after all, is seeing the fear in your enemy's eyes.
Vile Enchanter
Vile Enchanter
- Attribute: Perfect Vigour for Forsaken (Lord's army)
- Melee attack: +5 for Forsaken, Chaos Spawn and Chaos Feral Manticore units (Lord's army)
Requires: Corrupt MageThe Forsaken heed the commands of the powerful, and thrive on the excess of their energy.
Plague Marked
Plague MarkedUnlocks at rank 16
- Ability: "Locus of Virulence"
Those bearing the mark of Nurgle exude a sickening miasma wherever they go.
Seal of Sickness
Seal of Sickness
- Nurgle Authority: +1 (Lord's army)
- Hit points: +10%
Requires: Plague MarkedHow exactly does one injure further the decayed, rotting flesh of the Urfather's servants?
Decaying Brand
Decaying Brand
- Passive ability: "Paragon of Decay"
- Casualty replenishment rate: +5% (Lord's army)
Requires: Plague MarkedThe armies of Nurgle find strength in decay, bolstered by their own festering wounds.

Spirit Leech
Spirit Leech2 levels
Level 1
- Overcast spell: "Spirit Leech Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -30% to "Spirit Leech"
Level 2
- Miscast base chance: -15% for "Spirit Leech Upgraded"
- Overcast spell: "Spirit Leech Upgraded"
- Winds of Magic cost: -2 for "Spirit Leech"
- Winds of Magic cost: -2 for "Spirit Leech Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -50% to "Spirit Leech"
Life-Leeching
Life-Leeching
- Passive ability: "Life Leeching"
Requires: Spirit Leech
Aspect of the Dread Knight
Aspect of the Dread Knight2 levels
Level 1
- Overcast spell: "Aspect of the Dread Knight Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -30% to "Aspect of the Dread Knight"
Level 2
- Miscast base chance: -15% for "Aspect of the Dread Knight Upgraded"
- Overcast spell: "Aspect of the Dread Knight Upgraded"
- Winds of Magic cost: -1 for "Aspect of the Dread Knight"
- Winds of Magic cost: -2 for "Aspect of the Dread Knight Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -50% to "Aspect of the Dread Knight"
Requires: Spirit Leech
Soulblight
Soulblight2 levels
Level 1
- Overcast spell: "Soulblight Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -30% to "Soulblight"
- Spell: "Soulblight"
Level 2
- Miscast base chance: -15% for "Soulblight Upgraded"
- Overcast spell: "Soulblight Upgraded"
- Winds of Magic cost: -2 for "Soulblight"
- Winds of Magic cost: -3 for "Soulblight Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -50% to "Soulblight"
Requires: Spirit Leech
Doom & Darkness
Doom & Darkness2 levels
Level 1
- Overcast spell: "Doom & Darkness Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -30% to "Doom & Darkness"
- Spell: "Doom & Darkness"
Level 2
- Miscast base chance: -15% for "Doom & Darkness Upgraded"
- Overcast spell: "Doom & Darkness Upgraded"
- Winds of Magic cost: -1 for "Doom & Darkness"
- Winds of Magic cost: -2 for "Doom & Darkness Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -50% to "Doom & Darkness"
Requires: Spirit Leech
Evasion
Evasion
- Passive ability: "Evasion"
Requires: 4 skill points across Life-Leeching, Aspect of the Dread Knight, Soulblight, Doom & Darkness
The Fate of Bjuna
The Fate of Bjuna
- Winds of Magic cost: -3 for "The Fate of Bjuna"
- Cooldown: -50% to "The Fate of Bjuna"
- Spell: "The Fate of Bjuna"
Requires: Evasion
The Purple Sun of Xereus
The Purple Sun of Xereus2 levels
Level 1
- Overcast spell: "The Purple Sun of Xereus Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -30% to "The Purple Sun of Xereus"
- Spell: "The Purple Sun of Xereus"
Level 2
- Miscast base chance: -15% for "The Purple Sun of Xereus Upgraded"
- Overcast spell: "The Purple Sun of Xereus Upgraded"
- Winds of Magic cost: -2 for "The Purple Sun of Xereus"
- Winds of Magic cost: -3 for "The Purple Sun of Xereus Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -50% to "The Purple Sun of Xereus"
Requires: Evasion
Earthing
Earthing
- Miscast base chance: -15%
Requires: EvasionBy stabbing a staff or some arcane conduit into the ground, an accomplished magic-user can earth or tether the Winds and hopefully reduce a chance of miscasting.
Magical Reserves
Magical Reserves
- Winds of Magic power reserve capacity: +5
Requires: EvasionA few magic-users have the ability to store the Winds of Magic for later use, increasing their spellcasting power when it really counts.
Arcane Conduit
Arcane Conduit
- Passive ability: "Arcane Conduit"
Requires: 4 skill points across Magical Reserves, The Fate of Bjuna, The Purple Sun of Xereus, Earthing

Dominating Presence
Dominating Presence
- Unit experience gain per turn: +75 (Lord's army)
- Character's aura leadership effect: +5
A Chaos Lord dominates – lesser beings cringe from a being that is so intently under scrutiny from the Dark Gods.
Chaos Vanguard
Chaos Vanguard3 levels
Level 1
- Melee attack: +4 for all non-Daemonic Infantry units (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Armour: +6 for all non-Daemonic Infantry units (Lord's army)
- Melee attack: +6 for all non-Daemonic Infantry units (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Armour: +12 for all non-Daemonic Infantry units (Lord's army)
- Melee attack: +8 for all non-Daemonic Infantry units (Lord's army)
Requires: Dominating PresenceTo the Northmen, there is no greater honour than to fight and perish under the gaze of the Gods.
Savage Bloodlust
Savage Bloodlust3 levels
Level 1
- Armour: +4 for all Daemonic melee units (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Armour: +8 for all Daemonic melee units (Lord's army)
- Charge bonus: +8 for all Daemonic melee units (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Armour: +12 for all Daemonic melee units (Lord's army)
- Charge bonus: +12 for all Daemonic melee units (Lord's army)
Requires: Dominating PresenceThe Daemons of Chaos bay for blood, spurred on by a chorus of agonised screams.
Warp Fire
Warp Fire3 levels
Level 1
- Melee defence: +4 for all Daemonic Missile and Flying units (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Melee defence: +6 for all Daemonic Missile and Flying units (Lord's army)
- Missile strength: +8% for all Daemonic Missile units (Lord's army)
- Speed: +4% for all Daemonic Flying units (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Melee defence: +8 for all Daemonic Missile and Flying units (Lord's army)
- Missile strength: +12% for all Daemonic Missile units (Lord's army)
- Speed: +6% for all Daemonic Flying units (Lord's army)
Requires: Dominating PresenceAs dark wings take to the skies and Daemon arrows bear down, the enemies of Chaos know their end is near.
Hammer into Anvil
Hammer into Anvil3 levels
Level 1
- Charge bonus: +6 for all non-Daemonic Cavalry and Chariot units (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Charge bonus: +6 for all non-Daemonic Cavalry and Chariot units (Lord's army)
- Melee defence: +6 for all non-Daemonic Cavalry and Chariot units (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Charge bonus: +12 for all non-Daemonic Cavalry and Chariot units (Lord's army)
- Melee defence: +8 for all non-Daemonic Cavalry and Chariot units (Lord's army)
Requires: Dominating PresenceBreaking bones and ending lives, the armies of Chaos strike like an unholy hammer crashing through their enemies' ranks.
Monstrous Strength
Monstrous Strength3 levels
Level 1
- Weapon strength: +4% for all non-Daemonic war beasts, monstrous and monster units (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Melee attack: +6 for all non-Daemonic war beasts, monstrous, and monster units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +6% for all non-Daemonic war beasts, monstrous and monster units (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Melee attack: +8 for all non-Daemonic war beasts, monstrous, and monster units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +10% for all non-Daemonic war beasts, monstrous and monster units (Lord's army)
Requires: Dominating PresenceHulks of pure muscle, held upright by unsullied hatred, can crush a man with a frightening lack of effort.
Doomfire
Doomfire3 levels
Level 1
- Ammunition: +10% for all non-Daemonic Missile Cavalry and Artillery units (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Ammunition: +15% for all non-Daemonic Missile Cavalry and Artillery units (Lord's army)
- Missile strength: +8% for all non-Daemonic Missile Cavalry and Artillery units (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Ammunition: +20% for all non-Daemonic Missile Cavalry and Artillery units (Lord's army)
- Missile strength: +12% for all non-Daemonic Missile Cavalry and Artillery units (Lord's army)
Requires: Dominating PresenceSubdue the enemy with savage fire, as flaming projectiles burn a trail across the sky.
Rally!
Rally!
- Ability: "Rally!"
Requires: 6 skill points across Chaos Vanguard, Savage Bloodlust, Warp Fire, Hammer into Anvil, Monstrous Strength, Doomfire
Legion of Doom
Legion of Doom
- Armour: +10 for all Infantry units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Melee defence: +5 for all Infantry units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Spell resistance: 20% for all Infantry units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
Requires: Rally!The legions march forth under the Lord's inscrutable gaze, eager to kill for fear of his wrath.
Speed & Malice
Speed & Malice
- Melee attack: +5 for all Cavalry, Chariot and Flying units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Missile resistance: 15% for all Cavalry, Chariot and Flying units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Speed: +10% for all Cavalry, Chariot and Flying units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
Requires: Rally!The worthiest of Chaos' vanguard are blessed with the most elaborate mutations, which also enable them to move faster for longer.
Freakish Mutations
Freakish Mutations
- Leadership: +8 for all war beasts, monstrous and monster units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Melee attack: +5 for all war beasts, monstrous, and monster units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Ward save: +5% for all war beasts, monstrous and monster units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
Requires: Rally!Mutations awarded by the Chaos Gods to their followers may look horrific to southerners, but such gifts are prized.
Malevolent Ranger
Malevolent Ranger
- Armour: +10 for all Missile units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Missile resistance: 15% for all Missile units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Reload time reduction: +10% for all Missile units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
Requires: Rally!To devastate one's enemies from afar is the key to controlling the battlefield.
Stand or Die!
Stand or Die!
- Replaces: "Rally!"
- Ability: "Stand or Die!"
Requires: a point in any of Speed & Malice, Freakish Mutations, Malevolent Ranger, Legion of Doom

Route Marcher
Route Marcher
- Campaign movement range: +5%
Those who know the land and its secrets will travel faster and further than the foes who don't.
Despoilers
Despoilers3 levels
Level 1
- Income from raiding: +10% (Lord's army)
- Income from sacking settlements: +5% (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Income from raiding: +20% (Lord's army)
- Income from sacking settlements: +10% (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Income from raiding: +30% (Lord's army)
- Income from sacking settlements: +15% (Lord's army)
Requires: Route MarcherTo despoil, to corrupt and ruin, to break the mortals and take their gods from them - this is what Chaos wants.
Serve or Die
Serve or Die3 levels
Level 1
- Recruitment cost: -5% (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Unit Upgrades cost: -5% for all units
- Recruitment cost: -10% (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Unit Upgrades cost: -10% for all units
- Recruitment cost: -15% (Lord's army)
Requires: Route Marcher"You will serve me, wretch, or you will die, there is no other option."
Devoted of Chaos
Devoted of Chaos3 levels
Level 1
- Increased experience gain: +10% for units when fighting against the Forces of Order (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Increased experience gain: +15% for units when fighting against the Forces of Order (Lord's army)
- Souls gained from battles: +10%
Level 3
- Increased experience gain: +20% for units when fighting against the Forces of Order (Lord's army)
- Souls gained from battles: +15%
Requires: Route MarcherNo act of faith can rival reaving the souls of the slain; a dark and twisted offering in honour of the Ruinous Powers.
Ruination
Ruination3 levels
Level 1
- Attrition suffered by defender: +10% when laying siege or encircling (local region)
Level 2
- Attrition suffered by defender: +20% when laying siege or encircling (local region)
- Control: -4 (local enemy province)
Level 3
- Attrition suffered by defender: +40% when laying siege or encircling (local region)
- Control: -8 (local enemy province)
Requires: Route Marcher"This stinking mortal Hold will fall, my masters have foreseen it. Bring them ruin!"
Unholy Resilience
Unholy Resilience
- Casualty replenishment rate: +30% for this Lord
- Wound recovery time: -1 turns
Requires: 4 skill points across Despoilers, Serve or Die, Devoted of Chaos, RuinationThis willing servant of the Ruinous Powers has a resilience that is beyond any mortal measure.
Lightning Strike
Lightning Strike3 levels
Level 1
- Enemy battle reinforcement time: +25%
- Battle reinforcement time: -10%
- Reinforcements supporting this army can have their arrival point adjusted by +250 metres without incurring any time penalty
Level 2
- Enemy battle reinforcement time: +50%
- Battle reinforcement time: -20%
- Reinforcements supporting this army can have their arrival point adjusted by +600 metres without incurring any time penalty
Level 3
- Enemy battle reinforcement time: +50%
- Battle reinforcement time: -30%
- Reinforcements supporting this army can have their arrival point adjusted by +1000 metres without incurring any time penalty
- Enables lightning strike battles when reinforcements are present
Requires: Unholy Resilience"The time to strike is now!"
Foetid Gallipot
Foetid Gallipot3 levels
Level 1
- Casualty replenishment rate: +2% (Lord's army)
- Attrition: -10% casualties suffered from all attrition (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Casualty replenishment rate: +4% (Lord's army)
- Attrition: -20% casualties suffered from all attrition (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Casualty replenishment rate: +6% (Lord's army)
- Attrition: -30% casualties suffered from all attrition (Lord's army)
Requires: Unholy ResilienceA pungent mix of fell unguents ensures the unholy vitality of one’s minions.
Blessed by Evil
Blessed by Evil3 levels
Level 1
- Post battle chance of stealing a magic item: +5%
- Income from post-battle loot: +5%
Level 2
- Post battle chance of stealing a magic item: +10%
- Income from post-battle loot: +10%
Level 3
- Post battle chance of stealing a magic item: +15%
- Income from post-battle loot: +15%
Requires: Unholy ResilienceFor one fighting with the favour of the Ruinous Powers, glory and riches come naturally.
Premonition
Premonition3 levels
Level 1
- Ambush defence chance: +10% (Lord's army)
- Chance of intercepting an army using Tunnelling, beast-paths or Worldroots: +10%
Level 2
- Ambush defence chance: +20% (Lord's army)
- Chance of intercepting an army using Tunnelling, beast-paths or Worldroots: +20%
Level 3
- Ambush defence chance: +30% (Lord's army)
- Chance of intercepting an army using Tunnelling, beast-paths or Worldroots: +30%
Requires: Unholy ResilienceVisions cloud the mind, prophesising the arrival of the enemy and uncovering every shadow in which they lurk.
Disease Bearer
Disease Bearer
- Souls gained from battles: +10%
- Nurgle corruption: +1 (local province)
- Campaign movement range: +5%
- Income from post-battle loot: +10%
Requires: 4 skill points across Premonition, Lightning Strike, Foetid Gallipot, Blessed by EvilWhole civilisations will be flooded by infection, as its spread spins wildly out of control.

Every version of Chaos Sorcerer Lord of Nurgle (Death)

4 units share this name across races (mounts, race versions, renown or faction variants). Differences from the first row are highlighted.

Version	HP	Models	Armour	Lead.	Speed	MA	MD	WS	Charge	Cost	Upkeep	Unit key
Warriors of Chaos, NurgleWizard Lord	4,188	1	80	70	33	43	49	360	20	1,000	250	`wh3_dlc20_chs_cha_chaos_sorcerer_lord_death_mnur`
Warriors of Chaos, NurgleWizard Lord	12,706	1	60	70	38	30	35	375	25	1,100	425	`wh3_dlc20_chs_cha_chaos_sorcerer_lord_death_mnur_warshrine`
Warriors of Chaos, NurgleWizard Lord	4,724	1	100	70	78	43	49	360	40	1,200	300	`wh3_dlc20_chs_cha_chaos_sorcerer_lord_death_mnur_chaos_steed`
NurgleWizard	5,502	1	80	70	75	46	52	400	65	1,200	300	`wh3_dlc25_chs_cha_chaos_sorcerer_lord_death_mnur_rot_beast`

Who can field it

Nurgle · Poxmakers of Nurgle
Warriors of Chaos · Warhost of the Apocalypse

Custom Battle lists factions under each race; every faction of a race fields that race's units (units_custom_battle_permissions rows of any of its factions). The name after the race is the faction the army builder uses.

Where these numbers come from

Read from the game's database tables for patch 9.0.4 (main_units, land_units, battle_entities, melee_weapons, projectiles…) as published in the WH3-Dump export (commit 099796e8). Formulas that turn table values into card values are checked against known units before they are shown — how we verify.