How much HP does Slann Mage-Priest (Life) have?

Slann Mage-Priest (Life) has 6,552 HP at Ultra unit size (patch 9.0.4).

How much does Slann Mage-Priest (Life) cost?

Slann Mage-Priest (Life) costs 1,000 in the campaign and 650 in multiplayer.

What is the unit key for Slann Mage-Priest (Life)?

The unit key is wh2_dlc13_lzd_cha_slann_mage_priest_life_0.

What are Slann Mage-Priest (Life)'s stats?

6,552 HP, armour 45, melee attack 24, melee defence 32, weapon strength 320. Patch 9.0.4, from the game's data tables.

Slann Mage-Priest (Life)

Lord· Wizard Lord· 1 model (crew of 1) at Ultra size

Lizardmen

Skill tree →Duel it in the combat calculator →vs Chaos Warriors, the unit the rankings measure against; pick any other there.

Slann Mage-Priest (Life) is Lizardmen lord: 6,552 HP, armour 45, melee attack 24, melee defence 32, weapon strength 320. It costs 1,000 in the campaign and 650 in multiplayer. Unit key wh2_dlc13_lzd_cha_slann_mage_priest_life_0. Patch 9.0.4, from the game's data tables.

Health

6,552

top 26% of class

Armour

bottom 25% of class

Leadership

top 13% of class

Speed

bottom 8% of class

Melee attack

bottom 1% of class

Melee defence

bottom 20% of class

Weapon strength

240 base + 80 armour-piercing

320

bottom 19% of class

Charge bonus

bottom 3% of class

Attributes

Encourage
This unit provides a leadership bonus to nearby allies. Units within range of both the Lord's aura and an encouraging unit will receive the larger of the two bonuses.
Hide (forest)
This unit can hide in forests until enemy units get too close.
Strider
Speed and combat penalties caused by terrain are ignored by this unit.

Abilities

Cold-BloodedAugment · +16 Leadershipactive
Shield of the Old OnesWard Save (Area) · +8 Leadership, +20% Damage Resistanceactive
Greater Arcane ConduitAugment of the Winds · +15% Spell Masterypassive
WoundsHex · -10% Speed, -20% Armour-Piercing Weapon Damage…passive
BanishmentVortex · Good against armour, Huge, randomly-moving area of effect…active

Lore of magic

Lore of Life6 spells

Counters

Good against

Units with physical resistance — magical melee attackse.g. Hexwraiths, Cairn Wraiths, Syreens · Lizardmen: Blessed Chameleon Stalkers, Chameleon Stalkers
Light infantry-sized units — large, mass 2,600e.g. Exalted Plaguebearers of Nurgle, Zombies, Zombie Pirate Deckhand Mob · Lizardmen: Blessed Saurus Spears (Shields), Blessed Saurus Warriors (Shields)

Vulnerable to

Bonus vs large — large (cavalry-sized or bigger)e.g. Bone Giant, Warp Lightning Cannons, Bolt Throwers · Lizardmen: Feral Troglodon, Blessed Stegadon
Missile fire — armour 45, no shielde.g. Ratling Guns, Stormfiends (Ratling Cannons), Stormfiends (Warpfire Projectors) · Lizardmen: Chameleon Stalkers, Blessed Chameleon Stalkers

Computed from base unit-card values (no skills, items or abilities), one rule per line; examples are units with the most of that trait. How counters are worked out · Try it in the combat calculator

Slann Mage-Priest (Life) skill tree

48 skills, line by line as the game lays them out. Hover a skill for the rank it unlocks at and its effects at each level.

Plan Slann Mage-Priest (Life)'s skills

Telekinesis
TelekinesisUnlocks at rank 8
- Missile resistance: 15%
The power to move objects without touching them makes missiles attacks against this one largely pointless.
Protection of the Old Ones
Protection of the Old OnesUnlocks at rank 8
- Spell resistance: 10%
Across the gulf of space, the serene Potec has shared the secrets of time so that the Lizardmen may protect themselves against supernatural attack.
Soldiers of Renown
Soldiers of RenownUnlocks at rank 10 · 3 levels
Level 1
- Regiments of Renown army capacity: +1 (own army)
Level 2
- Regiments of Renown army capacity: +2 (own army)
Level 3
- Regiments of Renown army capacity: +3 (own army)
Their renown shall further elevate the one under whose command they march.
Immortality
ImmortalityUnlocks at rank 20
- This Lord will be wounded instead of killed in battle
Who wants to live forever? As it turns out, most beings wouldn't say no…
Mentor
MentorUnlocks at rank 30 · 3 levels
Level 1
- Character experience gain: +20% (Heroes in Lord's army)
- Character will share +15% of experience earned between all other active Lords
Level 2
- Character experience gain: +35% (Heroes in Lord's army)
- Character will share +30% of experience earned between all other active Lords
Level 3
- Character experience gain: +50% (Heroes in Lord's army)
- Character will share +50% of experience earned between all other active Lords
Having learned much in their long years of service, this character now turns their attention to training others.

Reserves of Eldritch Energy
Reserves of Eldritch EnergyUnlocks at rank 4
- Winds of Magic power reserve minimum: +10
The power of the Old Ones, stored for future use so that - at precisely the right time - the Great Plan may be advanced.
Becalming Cogitation
Becalming CogitationUnlocks at rank 8
- Enemy Winds of Magic power reserve capacity: -15 (local region)
Requires: Reserves of Eldritch EnergyContemplation is the path to alignment, to the correct interpretation of the Great Plan.
Arcane Convergence
Arcane ConvergenceUnlocks at rank 12
- Winds of Magic power reserve capacity: +20 (own army)
Requires: Becalming CogitationAll shall be one, as it is written.
Focus of Mysteries
Focus of MysteriesUnlocks at rank 16
- Bound spell: "Banishment"
Requires: Arcane ConvergenceThrough millennia of study, total mastery over magic may be attained.

Unfathomable Presence
Unfathomable PresenceUnlocks at rank 4
- Barrier hit points: +800
The Mage-Priest's thought patterns are so alien that they are even beyond the perception of enemy Wizards.
Soul of Stone
Soul of StoneUnlocks at rank 8
- Miscast base chance: -40%
Requires: Unfathomable PresenceCold, merciless, without pity, obeying only logic. Hardened against magic's ill-effects.
The Harrowing Scrutiny
The Harrowing ScrutinyUnlocks at rank 12
- Attribute: Causes Terror
- Control: +3 (local province)
Requires: Soul of StoneWithin the Slann's gaze shines the cold-blooded scrutiny of the Old Ones.
Transcendent Healing
Transcendent HealingUnlocks at rank 16
- Passive ability: "Regeneration"
- Wound recovery time: -1 turns
Requires: The Harrowing ScrutinyWhen wounded, the Slann's sheer force of will literally recombines his body.

Awakening of the Wood
Awakening of the Wood2 levels
Level 1
- Cooldown: -30% to "Awakening of the Wood"
- Spell: "Awakening of the Wood"
Level 2
- Winds of Magic cost: -1 for "Awakening of the Wood"
- Cooldown: -50% to "Awakening of the Wood"
- Spell: "Awakening of the Wood"
Trees live for thousands of years and have very long memories. When called to fight, centuries of pent-up wrath are unleashed.
Flesh to Stone
Flesh to Stone2 levels
Level 1
- Overcast spell: "Flesh to Stone Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -30% to "Flesh to Stone"
- Spell: "Flesh to Stone"
Level 2
- Miscast base chance: -15% for "Flesh to Stone Upgraded"
- Overcast spell: "Flesh to Stone Upgraded"
- Winds of Magic cost: -1 for "Flesh to Stone"
- Winds of Magic cost: -1 for "Flesh to Stone Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -50% to "Flesh to Stone"
Requires: Awakening of the WoodThis spell temporarily transforms allies' mortal flesh into unbreakable rock, increasing tenfold their resistance to attack.
Life Bloom
Life Bloom
- Passive ability: "Life Bloom"
Requires: Awakening of the WoodEven the simplest of spells can bring forth the full bloom of renewal, reinvigorating and healing the broken and bleeding.
Earth Blood
Earth Blood2 levels
Level 1
- Overcast spell: "Earth Blood Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -30% to "Earth Blood"
- Spell: "Earth Blood"
Level 2
- Miscast base chance: -15% for "Earth Blood Upgraded"
- Overcast spell: "Earth Blood Upgraded"
- Winds of Magic cost: -2 for "Earth Blood"
- Winds of Magic cost: -3 for "Earth Blood Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -50% to "Earth Blood"
Requires: Awakening of the WoodThe Wizard draws wholesome energies from the soil, imbuing companions with the natural resilience of the earth.
Shield of Thorns
Shield of Thorns2 levels
Level 1
- Overcast spell: "Shield of Thorns Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -30% to "Shield of Thorns"
- Spell: "Shield of Thorns"
Level 2
- Miscast base chance: -15% for "Shield of Thorns Upgraded"
- Overcast spell: "Shield of Thorns Upgraded"
- Winds of Magic cost: -2 for "Shield of Thorns"
- Winds of Magic cost: -2 for "Shield of Thorns Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -50% to "Shield of Thorns"
Requires: Awakening of the WoodPrickly gorse bursts from the ground around the caster's allies, protecting them from attack like a spiky, living shield.
Evasion
Evasion
- Passive ability: "Evasion"
Requires: 4 skill points across Life Bloom, Earth Blood, Shield of Thorns, Flesh to Stone
Regrowth
Regrowth2 levels
Level 1
- Overcast spell: "Regrowth Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -30% to "Regrowth"
- Spell: "Regrowth"
Level 2
- Miscast base chance: -15% for "Regrowth Upgraded"
- Overcast spell: "Regrowth Upgraded"
- Winds of Magic cost: -2 for "Regrowth"
- Winds of Magic cost: -3 for "Regrowth Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -50% to "Regrowth"
Requires: EvasionBy speaking Druthandor's name the Wizard is able to heal allies' injuries much faster than by natural means.
The Dwellers Below
The Dwellers Below2 levels
Level 1
- Overcast spell: "The Dwellers Below Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -30% to "The Dwellers Below"
- Spell: "The Dwellers Below"
Level 2
- Miscast base chance: -15% for "The Dwellers Below Upgraded"
- Overcast spell: "The Dwellers Below Upgraded"
- Winds of Magic cost: -3 for "Dwellers Below"
- Winds of Magic cost: -3 for "Dwellers Below Upgraded"
- Cooldown: -50% to "The Dwellers Below"
Requires: EvasionThis spell causes gnarled, fibrous hands to emerge from beneath the ground, dragging the foe to a claustrophobic, suffocating end.
Earthing
Earthing
- Miscast base chance: -15%
Requires: EvasionBy stabbing a staff or some arcane conduit into the ground, an accomplished magic-user can earth or tether the Winds and hopefully reduce a chance of miscasting.
Magical Reserves
Magical Reserves
- Winds of Magic power reserve capacity: +5
Requires: EvasionA few magic-users have the ability to store the Winds of Magic for later use, increasing their spellcasting power when it really counts.
Greater Arcane Conduit
Greater Arcane Conduit
- Passive ability: "Greater Arcane Conduit"
Requires: 4 skill points across Regrowth, The Dwellers Below, Earthing, Magical Reserves

Inspiring Presence
Inspiring Presence
- Unit experience gain per turn: +75 (Lord's army)
- Character's aura leadership effect: +5
There are Lords that radiate power, confidence and fear, inspiring their followers to great or terrible acts.
Proud Warrior
Proud Warrior3 levels
Level 1
- Melee attack: +4 for Saurus units (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Armour: +3 for Saurus units (Lord's army)
- Melee attack: +4 for Saurus units (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Armour: +6 for Saurus units (Lord's army)
- Melee attack: +6 for Saurus units (Lord's army)
Requires: Inspiring PresenceA long-serving member of an ancient, honourable tradition.
Skirmisher
Skirmisher3 levels
Level 1
- Missile strength: +6% for Salamander and Razordon Hunting Pack units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +6% for Salamander and Razordon Hunting Pack units (Lord's army)
- Missile strength: +4% for Skink, Chameleon Skink and Chameleon Stalker units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +6% for Skink, Chameleon Skink, Chameleon Stalker and Red Crested Skink units (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Melee defence: +4 for Salamander and Razordon Hunting Pack units (Lord's army)
- Missile strength: +6% for Salamander and Razordon Hunting Pack units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +9% for Salamander and Razordon Hunting Pack units (Lord's army)
- Melee defence: +4 for Skink, Chameleon Skink, Chameleon Stalker and Red Crested Skink units (Lord's army)
- Missile strength: +6% for Skink, Chameleon Skink and Chameleon Stalker units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +9% for Skink, Chameleon Skink, Chameleon Stalker and Red Crested Skink units (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Melee defence: +6 for Salamander and Razordon Hunting Pack units (Lord's army)
- Missile strength: +8% for Salamander and Razordon Hunting Pack units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +12% for Salamander and Razordon Hunting Pack units (Lord's army)
- Melee defence: +6 for Skink, Chameleon Skink, Chameleon Stalker and Red Crested Skink units (Lord's army)
- Missile strength: +8% for Skink, Chameleon Skink and Chameleon Stalker units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +12% for Skink, Chameleon Skink, Chameleon Stalker and Red Crested Skink units (Lord's army)
Requires: Inspiring PresenceThis seasoned warrior understands irregular combat perfectly: when to attack, when to hold back, when to withdraw behind heavier lines.
Swift Rider
Swift Rider3 levels
Level 1
- Speed: +5% for Terradon Riders, Ripperdactyl Riders, Coatl and Cold One units (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Missile strength: +6% for Terradon Riders units (Lord's army)
- Speed: +7% for Terradon Riders, Ripperdactyl Riders, Coatl and Cold One units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +6% for Terradon Riders, Ripperdactyl Riders, Coatl and Cold One units (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Missile strength: +8% for Terradon Riders units (Lord's army)
- Speed: +10% for Terradon Riders, Ripperdactyl Riders, Coatl and Cold One units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +8% for Terradon Riders, Ripperdactyl Riders, Coatl and Cold One units (Lord's army)
Requires: Inspiring PresenceOnly the finest beast riders can hang on whilst their mounts crash through the jungle undergrowth or smash through the foe's ranks.
Sacred Guardian
Sacred Guardian3 levels
Level 1
- Melee attack: +4 for Kroxigor, Sacred Kroxigor and Temple Guard units (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Melee attack: +4 for Kroxigor, Sacred Kroxigor and Temple Guard units (Lord's army)
- Melee defence: +4 for Kroxigor, Sacred Kroxigor and Temple Guard units (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Melee attack: +6 for Kroxigor, Sacred Kroxigor and Temple Guard units (Lord's army)
- Melee defence: +6 for Kroxigor, Sacred Kroxigor and Temple Guard units (Lord's army)
Requires: Inspiring PresenceIt is a great honour to direct the elite warriors who protect the Plan from calamity.
Hunt Leader
Hunt Leader3 levels
Level 1
- Melee attack: +4 for Feral Carnosaur and Dread Saurian units (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Melee attack: +6 for Feral Carnosaur and Dread Saurian units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +9% for Feral Carnosaur and Dread Saurian units (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Melee attack: +8 for Feral Carnosaur and Dread Saurian units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +12% for Feral Carnosaur and Dread Saurian units (Lord's army)
Requires: Inspiring PresenceThe most intelligent hunter tends to move swiftly up the chain of command.
Beast Driver
Beast Driver3 levels
Level 1
- Missile strength: +4% for Stegadon, Feral Troglodon, Ancient Salamander and Bastiladon units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +6% for Stegadon, Feral Troglodon, Ancient Salamander and Bastiladon units (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Melee defence: +4 for Stegadon, Feral Troglodon, Ancient Salamander and Bastiladon units (Lord's army)
- Missile strength: +6% for Stegadon, Feral Troglodon, Ancient Salamander and Bastiladon units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +9% for Stegadon, Feral Troglodon, Ancient Salamander and Bastiladon units (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Melee defence: +6 for Stegadon, Feral Troglodon, Ancient Salamander and Bastiladon units (Lord's army)
- Missile strength: +8% for Stegadon, Feral Troglodon, Ancient Salamander and Bastiladon units (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +12% for Stegadon, Feral Troglodon, Ancient Salamander and Bastiladon units (Lord's army)
Requires: Inspiring PresenceThe largest, most aggressive creatures - usually the oldest bulls of the herd - must be directed, lest their independent spirit lead them astray.
Rally!
Rally!
- Ability: "Rally!"
Requires: 6 skill points across Proud Warrior, Skirmisher, Swift Rider, Sacred Guardian, Hunt Leader, Beast Driver
Jungle Dominion
Jungle Dominion
- Armour: +10 for Saurus and Temple Guard units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Spell resistance: 15% for Saurus and Temple Guard units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Weapon strength: +12% for Saurus and Temple Guard units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
Requires: Rally!The unforgiving law of the jungle is most clear on matters of ascendancy.
Spawn-Kin
Spawn-Kin
- Leadership: +5 for Skinks, Chameleon Skinks, Red Crested Skinks, Salamander and Razordon Hunting Packs, Kroxigor and Sacred Kroxigor units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Melee defence: +5 for Skinks, Chameleon Skinks, Red Crested Skinks, Salamander and Razordon Hunting Packs, Kroxigor and Sacred Kroxigor units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Missile resistance: 15% for Skinks, Chameleon Skinks, Red Crested Skinks, Salamander and Razordon Hunting Packs, Kroxigor and Sacred Kroxigor units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
Requires: Rally!Braves who emerge from the same spawning often share a deep connection – a bond which provides considerable advantages in battle.
Soul Bound
Soul Bound
- Melee attack: +5 for Cold One, Terradon Riders, Ripperdactyl Riders, and Coatl units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Melee defence: +5 for Cold One, Terradon Riders, Ripperdactyl Riders, and Coatl units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Missile resistance: 15% for Cold One, Terradon Riders, Ripperdactyl Riders, and Coatl units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
Requires: Rally!Mount and rider, together as one at their very cores. Indivisible.
Epicentrist
Epicentrist
- Armour: +10 for Ancient Salamander, Bastiladon, Stegadon, Feral Carnosaur, Feral Troglodon and Dread Saurian units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Charge bonus: +12 for Ancient Salamander, Bastiladon, Stegadon, Feral Carnosaur, Feral Troglodon and Dread Saurian units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
- Leadership: +5 for Ancient Salamander, Bastiladon, Stegadon, Feral Carnosaur, Feral Troglodon and Dread Saurian units (Rank 7 and above) (Lord's army)
Requires: Rally!You need to be at the very centre of this pack of furious monsters to have the minutest chance of controlling their rage. Good luck!
Slann Forcefield
Slann Forcefield
- Ability: "Shield of the Old Ones"
- Replaces: "Rally!"
Requires: a point in any of Jungle Dominion, Spawn-Kin, Soul Bound, Epicentrist

Route Marcher
Route Marcher
- Campaign movement range: +5%
Those who know the land and its secrets will travel faster and further than the foes who don't.
Iron Disciplinarian
Iron Disciplinarian3 levels
Level 1
- Control: +1 (local province)
Level 2
- Control: +2 (local province)
Level 3
- Control: +3 (local province)
Requires: Route MarcherThis Lord expects utter obedience from the smallfolk, and has little time for insurrections or petty revolts.
Fervent
Fervent3 levels
Level 1
- Corruption: -1 (local province)
Level 2
- Corruption: -2 (local province)
Level 3
- Corruption: -3 (local province)
Requires: Route MarcherThrough our acts, the gods will cleanse the lands.
Bonded Service
Bonded Service3 levels
Level 1
- Recruitment cost: -5% (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Recruitment cost: -10% (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Recruitment cost: -15% (Lord's army)
Requires: Route MarcherThe Lords rule, the peasants toil. Nothing has changed in over a thousand years.
Ancient Cunning
Ancient Cunning3 levels
Level 1
- Ambush success chance: +6% (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Ambush success chance: +16% (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Ambush success chance: +30% (Lord's army)
Requires: Route MarcherSuch long-lived creatures develop a level of guile that mortals cannot match.
Draftmaster
Draftmaster
- Recruit rank: +1 for all units (Lord's army)
- Local recruitment capacity: +1 (local province)
Requires: 4 skill points across Iron Disciplinarian, Fervent, Bonded Service, Ancient CunningSomeone has to ensure the numbers and quality of recruits remain high.
Lightning Strike
Lightning Strike3 levels
Level 1
- Enemy battle reinforcement time: +25%
- Battle reinforcement time: -10%
- Reinforcements supporting this army can have their arrival point adjusted by +250 metres without incurring any time penalty
Level 2
- Enemy battle reinforcement time: +50%
- Battle reinforcement time: -20%
- Reinforcements supporting this army can have their arrival point adjusted by +600 metres without incurring any time penalty
Level 3
- Enemy battle reinforcement time: +50%
- Battle reinforcement time: -30%
- Reinforcements supporting this army can have their arrival point adjusted by +1000 metres without incurring any time penalty
- Enables lightning strike battles when reinforcements are present
Requires: Draftmaster"The time to strike is now!"
Geomantic Sustenance
Geomantic Sustenance3 levels
Level 1
- Upkeep: -3% (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Upkeep: -6% (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Upkeep: -9% (Lord's army)
Requires: DraftmasterThe power generated by the overarching Geomantic Web can also be used to nourish the Saurus on the march.
Wary
Wary3 levels
Level 1
- Enemy Hero action success chance: -3%
- Ambush defence chance: +8% (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Enemy Hero action success chance: -8%
- Ambush defence chance: +16% (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Enemy Hero action success chance: -15%
- Ambush defence chance: +30% (Lord's army)
Requires: DraftmasterThis warrior has been ambushed previously and got themselves and many of their compatriots away safely. Such things make one naturally suspicious.
Gifts of the Jungle
Gifts of the Jungle3 levels
Level 1
- Casualty replenishment rate: +2% (Lord's army)
Level 2
- Casualty replenishment rate: +4% (Lord's army)
Level 3
- Casualty replenishment rate: +6% (Lord's army)
Requires: DraftmasterLife in the jungle means knowing the difference between which flora can heal and what, if ingested, will kill you.
Renowned & Feared
Renowned & Feared
- Enemy Hero action success chance: -10%
- Hero self-defence: +25% chance of wounding aggressors
- Campaign movement range: +5%
- Recruit rank: +1 for all units (Lord's army)
- Upkeep: -8% (Lord's army)
Requires: 4 skill points across Lightning Strike, Geomantic Sustenance, Wary, Gifts of the JungleThis Lord's many deeds - both on and off the battlefield - have brought them renown among their allies and made them feared by their enemies.

Who can field it

Lizardmen · Hexoatl

Custom Battle lists factions under each race; every faction of a race fields that race's units (units_custom_battle_permissions rows of any of its factions). The name after the race is the faction the army builder uses.

The game also has 1 summoned or scripted copy of this unit that no building or mercenary pool recruits (wh2_main_lzd_cha_slann_mage_priest_life_0_qb).

Where these numbers come from

Read from the game's database tables for patch 9.0.4 (main_units, land_units, battle_entities, melee_weapons, projectiles…) as published in the WH3-Dump export (commit 099796e8). Formulas that turn table values into card values are checked against known units before they are shown — how we verify.